Introduction
This article is aimed at those who want to be sure that they are choosing replacement and upgrade tweeters according to Polk's specifications and recommendations. Of course, owners are free to make whatever tweeter and driver replacements/substitutions they wish with their speakers. Some owners my subjectively believe that a non-standard tweeter replacement sounds better.
The five tweeters used in the SDA series are: the SL1000, the SL2000, the SL3000, the RD0194, and the RD0198.
The RD0194 silk dome tweeter is the appropriate replacement for the SL1000 and SL2000. The RD0194 is a drop in replacement for the SL2000, but not for the SL1000 since they are different sizes and have different footprints. Fitting an RD0194 into a cabinet made for the SL1000 will require some cabinet modification.
The RD0198 silk dome tweeter is the appropriate drop in replacement for the SL3000 tweeter used in the fifth generation SDA SRS series and in the RTA 15TL and RTA 11TL. The SL2500 is a cost reduced derivative of the SL3000 design. It was used in the Monitor 2 series speakers and in the RTA 8TL of the RTA series.
An alternative to the newer RD0 silk dome tweeter models is to track down the actual SL series tweeter, but those are not always available. Whatever replacement tweeter is chosen, it is highly recommend to invest in a Dayton Audio DATS V2 Audio Test System ($100) (or a similar speaker tester) in order to make sure that the tweeter is in proper working order.
Table 1 gives the typical electrical performance parameters of four of the five standard SDA tweeters. The nominal impedance of the SL2000 and RD0194 tweeters is 7.5 ohms. The nominal impedance of the SL2500, SL3000, and RD0198 tweeters is 5.6 ohms. The measurements in table 1 were made using the Dayton Audio DATS V2 Audio Test System.
Table 1. Measured Electrical Parameters Of SDA Tweeters
Glossary of terms for table 1:
Qts - A measurement of the total electrical and mechanical control of a driver. (no units)
Qms - A measurement of the control coming from the speaker's mechanical suspension system (the surround and spider). (no units)
Qes - A measurement of the the control coming from the speaker's electrical suspension system (the voice coil and magnet). (no units)
fs - A measurement of the free air resonance of a driver. This is the point at which driver impedance is maximum. It is the point at which the weight of the moving parts of the speaker becomes balanced with the force of the speaker suspension when in motion. (measured in Hertz)
Re - The DC resistance (DCR) of the driver. This measurement will almost always be less than the driver's nominal impedance. (measured in ohms)
Zmax - The driver's impedance at resonance. (measured in ohms)
Le - A measurement of the voice coil inductance. As frequencies get higher there will be a rise in impedance above Re. This is because the voice coil is acting as an inductor. Consequently, the impedance of a speaker is not a fixed resistance, but can be represented as a curve that changes as the input frequency changes. Maximum impedance (Zmax) occurs at fs. (measured in millihenries)
The measured values in table 1 provide some quantitative insight into why the RD0 series tweeters are upgrades to the SL series tweeters and why they are subjectively preferred by many SDA enthusiasts.
Test Tweeters
I had SL2000, SL3000, RD0194, and RD0198 tweeters on hand. I found a used SL2500 tweeter and two new old stock SL2500 tweeters on eBay. As of this writing, I have not located SL1000 tweeters that I felt comfortable with purchasing.
Figure 1. SL2500 tweeters.
Figure 2. Column 1-SL2500 tweeters, Column 2-SL3000 tweeters, Column 3-RD0198 tweeters.
Figure 3. SL2500 left, SL3000 right.
The SL2500 is similar in construction to the SL3000, and could be used as a replacement for the SL3000. However, as its overall lower Q measurements show, the SL2500 has lower performance with regard to driver control. This translates to lower performance in reproducing high frequency speed and detail.
Conversely, the RD0 series replacement tweeters have overall better driver control performance than their respective SL series counterparts.
The dome of the SL3000 has a shiny metallic appearance due to its vapor deposited metal layers. The SL3000 dome is composed of a triple layered (Tri-laminate, or "TL") construction with a top layer of stainless steel, second layer of aluminum, and third layer of clear polyamide. The SL2500 has a dull appearance and has a black polymer coating on the front and rear sides. It is not clear to me at this time if the SL2500's dome has a triple layer (Tri-laminate) structure similar to the SL3000's.
Figure 4. Rear side of SL2500 dome, left. Rear side of SL3000 dome, right.
Figure 5. SL2000 left, RD0194 right.
The 1989 versions of the SDA CRS+ and SDA 2B can be modified to support replacement of the SL2000 tweeter with either the SL3000 or RD0198 tweeters. The modification consists of the addition of a 5.8 uF capacitor in parallel with the 2.7 ohm resistor. This modification creates a contour network that corrects the rising high frequency response that would result from installing the SL3000 or RD0198 in these speakers. The SDA CRS+ and SDA 2B use the same crossover circuit.
Phase And Impedance Curves
The following phase and impedance curves for the SL2000, SL2500, SL3000, RD0194, and RD0198 tweeters are given in figures 6-10. In addition to the difference in DC resistance between the SL1000/SL2000/RD0194 and SL2500/SL3000/RD0198 tweeters, the differences in phase and impedance response highlight another reason why tweeter replacements must be chosen with care.
Figure 6. Phase and impedance curves for SL2000 tweeter.
Figure 7. Phase and impedance curves for RD0194 tweeter.
Figure 8. Phase and impedance curves for SL2500 tweeter.
Figure 9. Phase and impedance curves for SL3000 tweeter.
Figure 10. Phase and impedance curves for RD0198 tweeter.
PDF versions of these curves are attached below.